Fungi in Micro Organism


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Fungi in Micro Organism

They are a group of diverse organisms that lack chlorophyll and feed on decaying matter. They are present everywhere but they grow best in dark, warm and moist places. As chlorophyll is absent they cannot make their own food so they are either saprophytic or parasitic. Yeast and moulds are examples of microscopic fungi.

Saprophytic Fungi: they grow on dead and decaying plants and animals. They can be seen on bread, old pickles and rotting fruits. Mushrooms are the example of this kind of fungi.

Parasitic Fungi: They grow on living plants and animals from which they take readymade food.

Uses of Fungi

Food : Mushrooms can be eaten. Cakes and bread is made with the help of yeast. The yeast reproduces very fast at suitable temperature and produce carbon dioxide by the fermentation of sugar. The process of making bread involves kneading a mixture of flour, salt, sugar, yeast cells, and water into dough. Yeast converts sugar to alcohol and carbon dioxide. As more and more carbon dioxide is produced, the dough rises in volume. This makes the bread porous and spongy. Baking the expanded dough at 180°C kills the yeast and stops fermentation. The alcohol evaporates during the baking process. Making vinegar, coffee, and tobacco Bacteria are used in the production of vinegar (acetic acid), coffee, and tobacco.

  • This makes bread and cakes porous and spongy. They are also used in the making of alcohol.
  • Medicine: They are made from fungi. Penicillin is obtained from fungus Penicillium.
  • They help in decomposition of dead tissues of plants and animals which increase fertility of soil.
  • Harmful effects:

  • Spoilage of food: Mould grow of food and makes it unfit for consumption.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Which type of pathogen includes yeasts and molds?

    Right Option : A
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    Question : 2

    The strands of fungus in the lichen are called ____________________.

    Right Option : B
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    Question : 3

    Mushrooms, mildew, mold and toadstools are all types of ______________________

    Right Option : D
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